Indian Ocean trade network

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: An Ancient Merchant’s Guide to the Indian Ocean

Sailing in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Unguja Island, Zanzibar.

A maritime guidebook in koine Greek

Explore the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, the essential ancient maritime guidebook for merchants navigating the Red Sea and Indian Ocean during the 1st Century AD (New Testament Period). This anonymous manuscript provides invaluable historical navigation tips, trade routes, and detailed port descriptions for early traders. From coastal directions to “insider” merchant advice, it remains a primary source for understanding ancient global trade networks.

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