Geography & Geology

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: An Ancient Merchant’s Guide to the Indian Ocean

Sailing in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Unguja Island, Zanzibar.

A maritime guidebook in koine Greek

Explore the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, the essential ancient maritime guidebook for merchants navigating the Red Sea and Indian Ocean during the 1st Century AD (New Testament Period). This anonymous manuscript provides invaluable historical navigation tips, trade routes, and detailed port descriptions for early traders. From coastal directions to “insider” merchant advice, it remains a primary source for understanding ancient global trade networks.

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A Garden with a Tomb (and a Gardener). Part 1: The Quarry Site

Explore the archaeology of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Discover why an ancient stone quarry holds the key to reconciling the "head and the heart" this Easter.

Beauty and Danger: The First Cataract of the Nile

Explore the first cataract of the Nile is a place of wild beauty and mystery. It served as a natural border between ancient Egypt and Nubia near Aswan. Learn how these rocky rapids shaped trade, military strategy, and the cultural exchange between two great civilizations.

The Two Spheres of Egypt: Black Land, Red Land.

Discover how Ancient Egyptians divided their world into Kemet (the fertile Black Land) and Deshret (the desert Red Land), shaping their culture and afterlife.

Explore the Arabian Spice Route from the Harrat Lookout, AlUla Oasis.

Visit the Harrat Lookout for a panoramic view of the AlUla Oasis. Discover the history of the Arabian Spice Route and the stunning sandstone canyons of Saudi Arabia.